20 Difference Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells And Their Characteristics

 Prokaryotes are derived from the Greek word in which the prefix PRO means primitive or old, whereas akaryotes mean nucleus, which evolved on earth millions of years ago. On the other hand, the word eukaryotes split into two words, in which EU means new or advanced, and akaryotes as the nucleus.

Based on the functions and structure, cells are categorized as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simple and usually small in size, whereas eukaryotic cells have more complex parts and large structures; even the working of parts is also difficult to understand.

In some microorganisms like bacteria, the nuclear region of the cell is partially defined due to the missing nuclear membrane within it. Such an irregular-defined nuclear region that consists of only nucleic acid or DNA molecule is known as the nucleoid. If we take a look overall at both the type of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, besides cell wall and plasma membrane, then ribosomes are the only part which shares the common relationship in between the cells, that too plays one of the major roles in the cells and are found in the cytoplasm.

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

In most cells, the outer shell helps protects the cell from any causes that harm the cell. It lies outside the cell membrane and provides rigid support and shape to the cell. The cell wall of the plant cell is made up of the complex substance cellulose.

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

The endoplasmic reticulum involves a large structure of bounded membrane tubes. The similarity between ER and plasma membrane is almost the same in terms of structure. There are two ER types, i.e., RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) and SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum), and both have separate functions to do.

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